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Dosya:Studio publicity Edna May Oliver.jpg

Studio_publicity_Edna_May_Oliver.jpg ((280 × 350 piksel, dosya boyutu: 22 KB, MIME tipi: image/jpeg))

Açıklama Promotional photograph of actor Edna May Oliver circa 1938-1942
Tarih circa 1940
date QS:P,+1940-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902
Kaynak http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-may-oliver/
Yazar
László Josef Willinger  (1909–1989)  wikidata:Q550579
 
László Josef Willinger
İsim seçenekleri
Laszlo Willinger
Açıklama Amerikan fotoğrafçı
Doğum/ölüm tarihi 16 Nisan 1909 Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin 8 Ağustos 1989 Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin
Doğum/ölüm yeri Almanya Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin Los Angeles
Çalışma süresi 1920s-1940s
İş konumu
Hollywood Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin
Otorite kontrolü
creator QS:P170,Q550579
İzin
(Bu dosyanın tekrar kullanımı)
Public domain
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (70 years p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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Flag of the United States
Flag of the United States
This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.)"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]

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