Stigand
Stigand[a] (ö. 1072), Norman Fethi öncesinde İngiltere'de Canterbury Başpiskoposu olan Anglo-Sakson bir din adamıydı. Doğum tarihi bilinmemekle beraber 1020 yılına gelindiğinde kraliyet papazı ve danışmanı olarak görev yapıyordu. 1043'te Elmham Piskoposu seçildi ve daha sonra Winchester Piskoposu ve Canterbury Başpiskoposu oldu. Stigand, birkaç Anglo-Sakson ve Norman kraliyet hanedanı üyesi olan İngiltere hükümdarının danışmanıydı ve birbiri ardına altı krala hizmet etti. Winchester ve Canterbury'nin piskoposluğunu aynı anda elinde tutma konusundaki çoğulculuğu, kısaca aynı anda iki makamı birden elinde tutması nedeniyle birkaç papa tarafından aforoz edildi. En nihayetinde 1070 yılında tahttan indirildi ve mülklerine ve kişisel servetine Fatih William tarafından el konuldu. Stigand, Winchester'da hapsedildi ve burada öldü.
| Stigand | |
|---|---|
| Canterbury Başpiskoposu | |
 Bayeux İşlemesi'nde Stigand | |
| Atanma | 1052 |
| Dönem bitişi | 11 Nisan 1070 |
| Önce gelen | Jumiègesli Robert |
| Sonra gelen | Lanfranc |
| Diğer görevler | Elmham Piskoposu Winchester Piskoposu |
| Takdis | 1043 |
| Doğum adı | Stigand |
| Ölüm | 1072, tahminen 21 veya 22 Şubat |
| Mezarı | Old Minster, Winchester |
Notlar
değiştirKaynakça
değiştirÖzel
Genel
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- Barlow, Frank (1979). The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-50236-5.
- Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (Fourth bas.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0.
- Barlow, Frank (2003). The Godwins: The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty. Londra: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-78440-9.
- Bates, David (2001). William the Conqueror. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1980-3.
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- Cowdrey, H. E. J. (2004). "Stigand (d. 1072)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26523. Birleşik Krallık Halk Kütüphanesi abonelik veya üyeliği gereklidir
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- Dodwell, C.R. (1982). Anglo-Saxon Art, A New Perspective. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0926-X.
- Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. OCLC 399137.
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- Lawson, M. K. (2000). Cnut: England's Viking King. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
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- Mason, Emma (2004). House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty. Londra: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
- Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2012). "Image Making: Portraits of Anglo-Saxon Church Leaders". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. ss. 109-127. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
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- Rumble, Alexander R. (2012). "From Winchester to Canterbury: Ælheah and Stigand – Bishops, Archbishops and Victims". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 165-182. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
- Smith, Mary Frances (1993). "Archbishop Stigand and the Eye of the Needle". Anglo-Norman Studies Volume 16. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 199-219. ISBN 0-85115-366-6.
- Smith, Mary Frances; Fleming, Robin; Halpin, Patricia (October 2001). "Court and Piety in Late Anglo-Saxon England". The Catholic Historical Review. 87 (4): 569-602. doi:10.1353/cat.2001.0189. JSTOR 25026026.
- Stafford, Pauline (1997). Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-century England. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-22738-5.
- Stafford, Pauline (1989). Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. Londra: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-6532-4.
- Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (Third bas.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Thomas, Hugh (2007). The Norman Conquest: England after William the Conqueror. Critical Issues in History. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3840-5.
- Walker, Ian (2000). Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Gloucestershire, UK: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905778-46-4.
- Williams, Ann (2000). The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ISBN 0-85115-708-4.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
değiştir- Barlow, Frank (October 1958). "Two Notes: Cnut's Second Pilgrimage and Queen Emma's Disgrace in 1043". The English Historical Review. 73 (289): 649-656. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXIII.289.649. JSTOR 557268.
- John, Eric (April 1979). "Edward the Confessor and the Norman Succession". The English Historical Review. 96 (371): 241-267. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXI.241. JSTOR 566846.